1. Sunlight
Full Sun: Bougainvillea needs plenty of sunlight to bloom. Ensure it gets at least 5 hours of direct sunlight daily. Less sunlight can lead to fewer flowers.
2. Watering
Moderate Watering: Bougainvillea is drought-tolerant once established. Water it deeply but allow the soil to dry out between waterings. Overwatering can cause root rot, so avoid letting it sit in water.
Winter Watering: In cooler months, reduce watering, as bougainvillea becomes semi-dormant.
3. Soil
Well-Drained Soil: Bougainvilleas prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil. Ensure the soil is well-draining to avoid waterlogged roots.
Soil pH: Aim for soil with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.
4. Temperature
Warm Temperature: These plants thrive in warmer climates, preferring temperatures between 60-100°F (15-37°C). Protect them from frost in colder weather.
5. Fertilization
Feeding: Use a balanced fertilizer that’s low in nitrogen, as too much nitrogen encourages foliage growth rather than flowers. A bloom-boosting fertilizer with higher phosphorus works best during the growing season (spring and summer).
Monthly Feeding: Feed once a month during the growing season (spring to summer). Avoid over-fertilizing.
6. Pruning
Regular Pruning: Trim bougainvilleas to maintain their shape and encourage new growth. Prune after blooming to avoid cutting off flower buds.
Deadheading: Remove spent blooms regularly to encourage continuous flowering.
7. Support and Structure
Trellis or Fence: Bougainvillea is a climbing plant, so provide a trellis, fence, or other structure for it to climb on.
Pinching: Pinch the tips of the plant occasionally to promote bushier growth.
8. Pest Control
Common Pests: Bougainvilleas can be susceptible to pests like aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites. Regularly inspect the plant and treat with insecticidal soap if needed.
9. Repotting (if in a pot)
Every 2-3 Years: If grown in a pot, bougainvilleas may need repotting every 2 to 3 years. Ensure the new pot has drainage holes.
10. Winter Care
Protect from Frost: If you live in a cooler climate, bring your bougainvillea indoors or provide protection during the winter months.
Reduce Watering: Water less during winter as the plant’s growth slows down.